ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Different solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient can have distinct chemical and physical characteristics. In this work, we studied the solubility and dissolution properties of the described tibolone polymorphic forms (I and II). Both forms were successively recrystallized and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Equilibrium solubility and dissolution profiles were performed for both forms. Solubility studies demonstrated that form II is statistically more soluble in water, 0.01 mol L-1 HCl and pH 4.5 acetate buffer. The solubility of forms I and II were explained in terms of crystal packing. Dissolution tests of tablets showed a lower release of polymorphic form II than form I from tablets. The results showed an impact of polymorphism on the quality of tibolone tablets and suggest that tibolone forms I and II can show distinct interactions with pharmaceutical excipients used in tablets. Therefore, only form I is acceptable for the preparation of tablet forms. Based on our results, we propose the quality control on tibolone raw materials using X-ray diffraction analysis and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy.
Subject(s)
Solubility/drug effects , Dissolution/analysis , Spectrum Analysis , Tablets/standards , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/standardsABSTRACT
O captopril é um fármaco anti-hipertensivo e vasodilatador utilizado na insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e encontra-se disponível, no mercado brasileiro, sob as formas de comprimidos e cápsulas, sendo estas manipuladas em farmácias. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o procedimento de dissolução e o método de análise. A avaliação do perfil de dissolução do captopril na forma farmacêutica cápsulas magistrais quando submetidas a diferentes condições de pH, aparatos, velocidades de agitação do meio de dissolução e métodos para quantificação foram alvo deste estudo. As concentrações do fármaco no meio foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida e espectrofotometria. Os resultados mostraram que o método cromatográfico foi o mais adequado para avaliação de captopril na forma farmacêutica cápsulas, enquanto o método espectrofotométrico (recomendado pelas Farmacopéias Brasileira e Americana) apresentou baixa especificidade. O procedimento de dissolução nas condições estabelecidas foi preciso, exato e seletivo. O método foi linear. Com base nos resultados obtidos as condições do teste de dissolução para cápsulas foram o uso de HCl 0,01 M (900 mL, 37 ºC ± 0,5 ºC), aparato cesta, 50 rpm, tempo de coleta (20 minutos) e quantificação pelo método cromatográfico. Todas as cápsulas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios nos testes de qualidade a que foram submetidas.
Captopril is an anti-hypertensive and vasodilator agent utilized in the congestive cardiac insufficiency and it can be commercially found in Brazil in the form of tablets and compounded capsules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissolution profile of captopril in capsules dosage obtained from compounded pharmacies, when submitted to different conditions of pH, apparatus, stirring speed of dissolution medium and analytical method, as well the validation of the dissolution procedure and of the method of analysis. The drug concentrations in dissolution medium were determined by liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometric. The results showed that the chromatographic method was the most suitable for captopril capsules evaluation, while the spectrophometric method (recommended by the Brazilian and the United States Pharmacopeias) presented low specificity. The dissolution procedure in the selected conditions was precise, accurate and specific. The method was linear. With base in the results obtained the conditions of dissolution test for capsules were the use of 0.01 M HCl (900 mL, 37 ± 0.5 ºC), basket apparatus, stirring speed 50 rpm, 20 minutes time and quantification by chromatographic method. All the capsules presented satisfactory results in all the tests assessed.
Subject(s)
Captopril , Capsules/pharmacokinetics , Heart Failure/metabolism , Chromatography, Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
A zopiclona é a primeira das ciclospirinas, nova classe de agentes psicoterápicos. Possui perfil farmacológico de alta eficácia de baixa toxicidade. Liga-se a receptores específicos do Gaba (canal de cloreto e sítios alostéricos benzodiazepínicos). Embora a zopiclona manifeste atividade anticonvulsionante, miorrelaxante e ansiolítica, o principal uso é hipnótico, devido ao efeito sedativo